KLG p 33-60

"(Leopold) never bothered to learn Flemish, spoken by more than half its subjects. In this snobbery Leopold was not alone, for at this time his country's bitter language division marked class as well as region." p 33
Leopold had a sense of superiority and didn't treat all of his people equally. He ruled quite systematically and thoroughly. Like his father said, he was a "fox," and he ruled a bit like a fox, too. The way he ruled ended up being really effective since he ended up controlling so much land.

"If Leopold wanted to see his father. he had to apply for an audience. When the father had something to tell the son, he communicated it through one of his secretaries. It was in this cold atmosphere, as a teenager in his father's court, that Leopold first learned to assemble a network of people who hoped to win his favor." p 34
I think that is was this sort of distant relationship that helped Leopold separate himself emotionally to what he was doing with the Kongo slavery.
Do you think that Leopold's relationship with his father affected the way he chose to rule?

Livingstone, Stanley and the other explorers, Leopold saw, had succeeded in stirring Europeans by their descriptions of the "Arab" slave-traders leading sad caravans of chained captives to Africa's east coast. p 42
How much did Stanley and Leopold have in common? What were their biggest differences?
Leopold and Stanley were both exploring men who in search of power. But Leopold was looking for total control over a population while Stanley was looking for power to help populations escape from rulers like Leopold.

KLG p 1-32

“Like any system that gives some human beings total power over others, slavery in Africa could be vicious.” p 10
Very true; complete power usually doesn't lead to anything good. Complete power corrupts completely?

“It was surely not right, said one (priest), “for persons baptized in the Catholic church to be sold to peoples who are enemies of their faith (Protestants).” p 10
The Catholic priests were not at all bothered by the slavery, but they were absolutely against selling a slave to a Protestant.

“Alfonso's life spanned a crucial period. When he was born, no one in the kingdom knew that Europeans existed. When he died, his entire realm was threatened by the slave-selling fever they had caused. He was a man of tragic self-awareness, and he left his mark...A native of the Knogo knos the name of three kings: that of the present one, that of his predecessor, and that of Affonso.” p 11
-converted to Christianity
-did nothing but study
-fan of European skills such has medicine, woodworking, masonry
-fluent in Portuguese
-once sent a bunch of slaves to his “brother” king in Lisbon as a gift
Did Affonso do everything he could to stop the Kongo slave trade? Did he assist or make any part of it easier for the white Europeans?

“Because virtually everything we know about this part of Africa for the next several hundred years comes to us from its white conquerors, King Affonso I provides something rare and valuable: an African voice.” p 12
Do you think the voice of Affonso correctly represented the voices of his people?

How did the Kongo slaves view the white man? Great traders, cruel, rich? Myths were created! Plus, “From that time to our days now, the whites have brought us nothing but wars and miseries.” p 16

Why did the whites never take up white slaves?

“When the ship bombarded a Confederate fort in North Carolina, Stanley became one of the few people to see combat on both sides of the Civil War.” p 25
This gives him a unique perspective and later probably helped him to see from the Africans' POV - to see that what the Europeans were doing was wrong.

“But to nineteenth-century Europeans, celebrating an explorer for “discovering” some new corner of Africa was, psychologically, a prelude to feeling that the continent was theirs for the taking.” p 27
Why did Europeans think that just because they found some place new that they had a right to take it (when they were obviously NOT the first to discover it and when there were already people living there)?

We can only hear the voices of the Kongo slaves through the voices of their white conquerors, and at least one white man was known to make things up. How do we know that we are right about anything we know about the Kongo slaves?

33 Chilean Miners Trapped (Brainstorm)

33 Chilean miners trapped on Aug. 5^th

drill came up w/ paint and a plastic bag with letters inside saying that all the miners were alright

men above ground need to move 4,000 tons of rock

risky to get them out bc they don't want the mine to collapse and further

miners working together

taking leadership positions – man in charge of medicine after a 6-month health class 5 years ago

sending down food/medicine/letters through a 4” tube

could take 4 more months to get them out

three different kinds of tubes, plans A, B and C

miners are very connected, organized, wait or everyone to get their food before they eat

mental health, down there away from family for months in the dark

simulating sunlight

three chambers – night – work – daylight

letters and one minute videos to family

family above is unreasonably supposed to continue on w/ life, many ppl have to go to work

who does their money go to? Miners had affairs

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/01/world/americas/01chile.html?_r=1

Current Events Practice

1. What's being discussed in this article?  The murder of 72 migrants trying to illegally immigrate to the United States.  They had been caught up with an armed gang and when refused to join the gang they were shot at.  One man was able to get free and run for help.  When the military officials showed up, they began an ugly shoot-out with the gang.  72 out of 73 migrants were killed.  It highlights two of Mexico's largest problems: illegal migration and the struggle with drugs.
2. When did the event happen? (Is this breaking news or something that's been analyzed and discussed for a while?)  This happened on Tuesday, August 24, 2010.  This is breaking news from just a few days ago.  
3. What questions do you have that would help make this article make more sense to you? What more do you need to learn about to be able to report on this event?  How did the migrants come to be involved with the gang.  How could this have been avoided?  Is this the first case of its kind?  What happened to the gang?

Which 3 News-Worthy Events Do You Remember From Your Lifetime?

From me:
Katrina - I remember being shocked by the news-footage of Hurricane Katrina.  I also had trouble grasping how much damage it really did.  It felt like it was always on TV and that the number of disasters hidden in this larger disaster were numerous:  people without homes, people who had lost their families, people who didn't have food or water, people who had lost their pets, the list goes on.  I don't remember where I was specifically because the event seemed to take a bit of time, not just one day; but I know I was in St. Louis.

9/11 - September 11th was one of the most disturbing things I'd ever seen.  The footage of people jumping out of windows to their deaths and these two giant, fiery skyscrapers crumbling to the ground terrified me.  I remember I was in my living room preparing to go to school when we turned on the news and saw it.  I remember the reactions of my parents: total shock.  I also remember still being sent to school and then once I was there everyone was acting like nothing had happened.  We weren't allowed to talk about it or turn on the TV.  Our teachers kept telling us not to worry about it - but we didn't know WHAT we weren't supposed to be worrying about - we didn't know what was going on.

Obama - When Obama won the election, I watched his speech with the rest of my classmates in Woods Hall at Whitfield.  I had mixed feelings.  While I was elated and captivated by the fact that i had just witnessed the first African American being elected for president, I was also a little bit unhinged by the arguments my friends were having around me about how he had won just because he was black.  But overall, I was very excited and was glad I could experience it at school with all of my friends there with me.

From my mom:
JFK shooting - My mom remembers the dreadful weekend in Dallas when John F. Kennedy was shot.  She was a very little girl and was living in St. Louis with her family.  She remembers people were very tense, it was a "grown-up time."  People all around her were sad and frightened.

Berlin Wall - My mom remembers the Berlin Wall being torn down.  It was very interesting to her because of her Russian studies and because it showed what it meant to be a Russian.  The Soviet Empire and the Cold War finally came to an end.  My mom was again living in St. Louis.

Challenger disaster - When the Challenger blew up my mom was at work in her office.  A friend came in and told her what happened and they both quickly turned on the news.  She was living in Dallas and remembers thinking it was so sad because all of the teacher's young students had watched her die.  Also, it was shocking that we could still have those sorts of accidents.  People had begun to take space travel for granted.